在语境中教语言 英文pdf电子书版本下载

点此进入-本书在线PDF格式电子书下载【推荐-云解压-方便快捷】直接下载PDF格式图书。移动端-PC端通用
种子下载[BT下载速度快] 温馨提示：（请使用BT下载软件FDM进行下载）软件下载地址页 直链下载[便捷但速度慢]   [在线试读本书]   [在线获取解压码]

在语境中教语言 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

下载的文件为RAR压缩包。需要使用解压软件进行解压得到PDF格式图书。

建议使用BT下载工具Free Download Manager进行下载,简称FDM(免费,没有广告,支持多平台）。本站资源全部打包为BT种子。所以需要使用专业的BT下载软件进行下载。如 BitComet qBittorrent uTorrent等BT下载工具。迅雷目前由于本站不是热门资源。不推荐使用！后期资源热门了。安装了迅雷也可以迅雷进行下载！

（文件页数 要大于 标注页数，上中下等多册电子书除外）

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

1 On Knowing a Language 1

Introduction 1

Defining Language Proficiency 2

Proficiency and Language Acquisition Theory 19

Some Research Findings about Oral Proficiency 21

Issues in Language Proficiency Assessment:Caveats,Clarifications,and New Directions 27

Defining the Content of Instruction:The Standards for Foreign Language Learning 34

Summary:On Knowing a Language 41

Activities for Review and Discussion 42

References 44

2 On Learning a Language 51

Introduction 51

Exploring Theories of Language Learning 52

The Role of Individual Learner Factors in Second-Language Learning 75

Relating Theory to Practice:Some Considerations 77

Summary:On Learning a Language 80

Activities for Review and Discussion 80

References 81

3 On Teaching a Language 86

Orienting Instruction toward Proficiency 89

The Proficiency Orientation of Existing Methodologies:A Preliminary Appraisal 105

Three "Traditional" Methods 106

Reactions to Audiolingualism:Two Mentalist Perspectives 113

A Functional Approach:Communicative Language Teaching 116

Modern Adaptations of the Direct Method 118

Humanistic Approaches to Language Teaching 123

Summary:On Teaching a Language 129

Activities for Review and Discussion 130

References 131

4 The Role of Context in Comprehension and Learning 139

The Importance of Context and Background Knowledge in the Comprehension Process:Some Theoretical Considerations 144

Research on the Role of Context in Comprehension 149

The Role of Computers in Providing Richer Contexts for Language Learning 163

Integrating Language and Content:Immersion and Content-Based Instruction 164

Summary:The Role of Context in Comprehension and Learning 169

Activities for Review and Discussion 169

References 170

5 A Proficiency-Oriented Approach to Listening and Reading 176

A Rationale for Teaching Listening and Reading 176

Similarities in Listening and Reading 179

Differences between Spoken and Written Discourse 180

Integrating Listening,Reading,and the Productive Skills:The Vision of the Standards for Foreign Language Learning 182

Teaching Listening Comprehension 184

Sample Formats for Listening Comprehension 192

Teaching Reading Comprehension 203

Sample Formats for Reading Comprehension 210

Summary:A Proficiency-Oriented Approach to Listening and Reading 225

Activities for Review and Discussion 225

References 226

6 Developing Oral Proficiency 230

The Nature of Interlanguage 232

Planning Instruction for the Development of Oral Proficiency 235

Responding to the Learner 258

Summary:Developing Oral Proficiency 271

Activities for Review and Discussion 272

References 273

7 Becoming Proficient in Writing 280

Approaches to Teaching Writing at the Lower Levels of Proficiency 283

Expressive Writing at the Intermediate and Advanced Levels:Approaches to Teaching the Composing Process 310

Summary:Becoming Proficient in Writing 337

Activities for Review and Discussion 338

References 338

8 Teaching for Cultural Understanding 345

Introduction 345

Problems in the Teaching of Culture 346

Definitions,Models,Inventories,and Frameworks:Capturing the Essence of"Culture" 349

Strategies for Teaching Culture 358

Summary:Teaching for Cultural Understanding 384

Activities for Review and Discussion 384

References 385

9 Classroom Testing 390

Introduction 390

The Case for Hybrid Classroom Tests 396

Characteristics of Test Items and Item Types 398

Listening Comprehension Formats 401

Reading Comprehension Formats 408

Writing and Mixed-Skills Formats 414

Guidelines for Creating Contextualized Paper-and-Pencil Tests 429

Testing Oral Skills 431

Summary:Classroom Testing 447

Appendix 448

Activities for Review and Discussion 451

References 451

EPilogue Planning Instruction for the Proficiency-Oriented Classroom 456

Setting Goals for a Proficiency-Oriented Program 457

Guidelines for Planning Lessons 462

Increasing Focus on Students' Interests 464

In Conclusion 465

Activities for Review and Discussion 466

References 466

Appendix A ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines—Speaking Revised 1999 469

Appendix B Sample Foreign Language Media Evaluation Criteria 477

Appendix C Samples of Error Coding Procedures for Written Work 485

Text Permissions 489

Index 490