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Map of Distribution of Imperial Gardens 2

Travel Guide to the Summer Resort at Chengde and Scenic Spots in Its Vicinity 4

Editor's Note 9

Preface 1 10

Preface 2 11

General Introduction 14

The Embryonic Form and Later Development of Chinese Gardens——A Gradual Metamorphosis from Primitive Hunting Grounds to Exquisite Resorts for Enjoyment 14

Ⅰ．Long Stage of Preparation before the Emergence of Chinese Imperial Gardens 14

Ⅱ．Emergence of Grandiose Imperial Gardens in the Qin and Han Dynasties 17

Ⅲ．Spirit of Practical Material Enjoyment Displayed in Gardens Built during the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties 22

Ⅳ．Admiration for Natural Beauty,Maturation in Garden Building in the Sui and Tang Dynasties 27

Ⅴ．Exquisite and Refined Song Dynasty Gardens—A Concentration of Natural Beauties 30

Ⅵ．Stagnation in the Development of Imperial Gardens during the Jin,Yuan and Ming Dynasties 37

The Period of Ultimate Splendour——The Qing Dynasty Gardens,Culmination of Imperial Gardens 44

Ⅰ．Xihaizi (The West Sea) 47

Ⅱ．Yuanmingyuan Garden(Garden of Perfection and Brightness) 52

Ⅲ．Jingyiyuan Garden(Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure) 60

Ⅳ．Jingmingyuan Garden(Garden of Tranquility and Brightness) 61

Ⅴ．Yiheyuan Garden(Summer Palace) 63

Ⅵ．Summer Resort at Chengde 72

Notes on the Photographs 82

Beihai 82

Full view of southern side of Qionghua Island,Beihai 82

Northern slope of Qionghua Island,Beihai 86

Qingxiaolou Storied Building,Beihai 88

White Dagoba and Shanyindian Hall,Beihai 89

Bronze Statue of Celestial Being Holding a Plate above Its Head for Receiving Heavenly Nectar,Beihai 90

Stele with inscriptions of"Qingdao Chunyin"(Qionghua Island in Spring),Beihai 91

Hangutang Hall,Beihai 92

Distant view of northern slope of Qionghua Island,Beihai 94

Northern slope of Qionghua Island in winter,Beihai 95

Lakeside Roofed Promenade,Beihai 96

Fenliangge Tower,Beihai 97

Luoguo Bridge(Hunchback Bridge),Beihai 97

Jingxinzhai Garden(Garden of a Tranquil Heart),Beihai 98

Jingxinzhai Garden,Beihai 100

Rockeries and a Roofed Walkway Ascending the Hill to the north of Jingxinzhai Garden,Beihai 102

Xiaoxitian Hall(Hall of the Little West Land),Beihai 103

Five Dragon Pavilions,Beihai 104

Nine-Dragon Wall,Beihai 106

Zhonghai-Nanhai 108

Xiangluange Storied Building(Flying Phoenix Storied Building),Zhonghai-Nanhai 108

Hanyuandian Hall,Zhonghai-Nanhai 109

Pond in Jinggu Vale(Vale of Quietude),Zhonghai-Nanhai 110

Bayin Kexie Pavilion,Zhonghai-Nanhai 110

Renyuting Pavilion(Abundant Fish Pavilion),Zhonghai-Nanhai 111

Promenade in front of Chunyizhai Study,Zhonghai-Nanhai 112

Summer Palace 114

Rockery yard in Yiyunguan House,Summer Palace 114

Renshoudian Hall(Hall of Benevolence and Longevity),Summer Palace 115

Inside view of the main hall of Renshoudian Hall,Summer Palace 116

Inside view of Renshoudian Hall,Summer Palace 117

Xijialou Storied Building(Beautiful Sunset Storied Building),Summer Palace 118

Zhichunting Pavilion(Spring-Heralding Pavilion),Summer Palace 119

Bronze Ox,Summer Palace 120

Seventeen-Arch Bridge in the evening glow,Summer Palace 121

Jing Bridge(Mirror Bridge),Summer Palace 122

Kuoruting Pavilion(Spacious Pavilion),Summer Palace 124

Full view of Hanxutang Hall(Hall of Forbearance and Humbleness),Summer Palace 125

West Causeway,Summer Palace 126

Yudai Bridge(Jade Belt Bridge),Summer Palace 128

Marble Boat,Summer Palace 130

Xing Bridge,Summer Palace 132

Long Corridor,Summer Palace 134

Long Corridor in front of Yangyunxuan House,Summer Palace 136

Yangyunxuan House,Summer Palace 138

Colour paintings in the Long Corridor,Summer Palace 139

Full view of Foxiangge Tower(Tower of the Fragrance of Buddha),Summer Palace 140

Decorated Archway in front of Paiyundian Hall(Cloud-Dispelling Hall),Summer Palace 142

Bronze Pavilion,Summer Palace 143

Zhuanlunzang Buddhist Hall and Revolving Pagodas,Summer Palace 144

Xiangyang Zongyin Temple,Summer Palace 145

Paiyundian Hall(Cloud-Dispelling Hall)and Kunming Lake,Summer Palace 146

Foxiangge Tower(Tower of the Fragrance of Buddha),Summer Palace 148

Roofed Ascending Walkway,Summer Palace 149

Zhongxiangjie Glazed-tile Archway and Zhihuihai Hall(Sea of Wisdom Hall),Summer Palace 150

Interior view of Foxiangge Tower,Summer Palace 151

Nanshanbuzhou Tower viewed from Xiangyang Zongyin Temple,Summer Palace 152

A corner of Xumi Lingjing Buddhist Realm,Summer Palace 153

Duobaota Pagoda(Glazed-tile Pagoda of Treasures),Summer Palace 154

Jingfuge Hall,Summer Palace 155

Hanyuantang Hall,Summer Palace 156

Lotus Pond in Xiequyuan Garden(Garden of Harmonious Interest),Summer Palace 157

Xiequyuan Garden(Garden of Harmonious Interest,Summer Palace 158

Inside view of Leshoutang Hall(Hall of Happiness and Longevity),Summer Palace 160

Shuimu Ziqin Hall(Hall of Natural Affinity between Water and Wood),Summer Palace 162

Market Street,Summer Palace 164

The Promenade of Shuimu Ziqin Hall,and glass windows of diverse shapes,Summer Palace 166

City-gate Tower of Ziqi Donglai,Summer Palace 167

Yuanmingyuan Garden 168

Remains of Grand Artificial Fountain,Yuanmingyuan Garden 168

Remains of Haiyantang Building,Yuanmingyuan Garden 169

Remains of Yuanyingguan Building Group,Yuanmingyuan Garden 170

Fangwaiguan Building,Yuanmingyuan Garden 171

Stone Screen and Terrace for Watching the Artificial Fountain,Yuanmingyuan Garden 172

Summer Resort at Chengde 174

Sizhi Study(Study of Four-Knowledge),Summer Resort at Chengde 174

Wanhe Songfeng Hall(Hall of Soughing Pines in Thousands of Valleys),Summer Resort at Chengde 175

Yuese Jiangsheng Island(Island of Moonlight and Sound of River),Summer Resort at Chengde 176

Fangzhu Linliu Pavillion viewed from Zhijing Yundi Causeway,Summer Resort at Chengde 176

Zhijing Yundi Causeway viewed from Shuixinxie Pavilions(Pavilions in the Heart of the Lake),Summer Resort at Chengde 177

Full view of Shuixinxie Pavilions(Pavilions in the Heart of the Lake),Summer Resort at Chengde 178

Linfang Villa,Summer Resort at Chengde 178

Jinshan Hill(Golden Hill),Summer Resort at Chengde 180

Yanyulou Storied Building(Smoke-like Rain Storied Building)viewed from Shangdige Tower,Summer Resort at Chengde 181

Shanghu Lake(Upper Lake)viewed from Shangdige Tower(Tower of Heavenly King),Summer Resort at Chengde 183

Yanyulou Storied Building(Smoke-like Rain Storied Building),Summer Resort at Chengde 184

Rockeries at Yanyulou Storied Building and Panchuifeng Peak Beetle-shaped Peak)viewed from Linfang Villa,Summer Resort at Chengde 185

Rockeries at Wenjinge Storied Building(Sea of Literature Storied Building),Summer Resort at Chengde 185

Chenghu Lake(Clear Lake),Summer Resort at Chengde 186

Chuifeng Luozhao Pavilion,Summer Resort at Chengde 188

Wenjinge Storied Building(Sea of Literature Storied Building),Summer Resort at Chengde 189

Wulie River and the Pagoda in Yongyou Temple(Temple of Eternal Blessing)Summer Resort at Chengde 190

Palace Wall of Summer Resort at Chengde 191

Prospect from the east of Beizhen Shuangfeng Pavilion,Summer Resort at Chengde 192

Appendices 193

Glossary 193

Chronology of Major Events in the History of Chinese Architecture 197