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Part 1 Fundamentals of Computers 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers 1

1.1 What Is a Computer? 1

1.2 Getting Started with Your Computer 2

1.2.1 System Unit 2

1.2.2 Storage Devices 2

1.2.3 Monitor 3

1.2.4 Mouse 4

1.2.5 Keyboard 4

1.2.6 Printer 4

1.3 Getting Started with Software 5

1.3.1 Components of Windows Desktop 5

1.3.2 Windows So ftware Controls 6

New Words and Phrases 7

Computer Terms 7

Grammar 8

Exercises 9

Reading Material 9

Reference Translation 11

Chapter 2 Computer System Basics 17

2.1 The Von Neumann Model of the PC 17

2.2 CPU 17

2.3 Memory vs.Storage 18

2.4 Input and Output 18

2.5 Computer Bus 19

2.6 Computer Networks 20

New Words and Phrases 21

Computer Terms 21

Grammar 21

Exercises 22

Reading Material 22

Reference Translation 23

Chapter 3 Data,Information and Files 27

3.1 Data and Computers 27

3.2 Analog and Digital Information 27

3.3 Computer Files 28

3.3.1 File Types 28

3.3.2 Directories 29

3.3.3 File Path 30

New Words and Phrases 30

Computer Terms 30

Grammar 31

Exercises 31

Reading Material 32

Reference Translation 33

Chapter 4 A Look Inside the Computer Case 37

4.1 Integrated Circuits 37

4.2 The Motherboard 38

4.2.1 CPU 38

4.2.2 RAM Chios 39

4.2.3 Expansion Slot/Card 39

4.2.4 BIOS Chip 40

4.3 Storage Drives 41

4.4 Power Supply Unit 41

New Words and Phrases 42

Computer Terms 42

Grammar 42

Exercises 44

Reading Material 44

Reference Translation 45

Part 2 Computers Software 50

Chapter 5 Data and Its Represen-tation 50

5.1 Types of Data 50

5.2 Data inside the Computer 50

5.3 Representing Data 51

5.3.1 Representing Text 51

5.3.2 Representing Numbers 51

5.3.3 Representing Images 52

5.3.4 Representing Sound 54

5.3.5 Representing Video 54

New Words and Phrases 55

Computer Terms 55

Grammar 55

Exercises 57

Reading Material 57

Reference Translation 58

Chapter 6 Computer Software Basics 63

6.1 Computer Programs 63

6.2 Computer Software and Categories 64

6.2.1 System Software 64

6.2.2 Application Software 64

6.3 Software Piracy 64

New Words and Phrases 66

Computer Terms 67

Grammar 67

Exercises 69

Reading Material 70

Reference Translation 70

Chapter 7 System Software 74

7.1 System Software and Its Components 74

7.2 Operating System 74

7.2.1 Basics of Operating System 75

7.2.2 Types of Operating System 75

7.3 Utilities 76

7.4 Device Drivers 76

7.5 Language Translators 77

New Words and Phrases 77

Computer Terms 77

Grammar 77

Exercises 79

Reading Material 80

Reference Translation 80

Chapter 8 Common Operating Systems 84

8.1 Microsoft DOS and Windows 84

8.2 Mac OS 86

8.3 UNIX and Linux 86

8.4 Mobile Operating Systems 87

New Words and Phrases 88

Computer Terms 88

Grammar 89

Exercises 90

Reading Material 90

Reference Translation 91

Chapter 9 Application Software 96

9.1 Business Application Software 96

9.2 Communications Application Software 97

9.3 Multimedia Application Software 97

9.4 Education and Training Software 99

9.5 All the Other Ware Terminology 100

New Words and Phrases 101

Computer Terms 101

Grammar 101

Exercises 102

Reading Material 103

Reference Translation 104

Chapter 10 Computer Program-ming 109

10.1 Building a Program 109

10.2 Algorithm 109

10.2.1 What is an Algorithm? 109

10.2.2 Algorithm Representation 110

10.3 Three Constructs 111

10.4 Programming Language 112

10.4.1 Low-level Language 112

10.4.2 High-level Language 113

10.5 Structured Programming and Object-oriented Programming 113

New Words and Phrases 113

Computer Terms 114

Grammar 114

Exercises 116

Reading Material 116

Reference Translation 117

Part 3 Computer Application 122

Chapter 11 Data Commu-nication 122

11.1 Data Communication 122

11.2 Communications Channels 122

11.3 Communication Media 123

11.3.1 Twisted Pair Wire 124

11.3.2 Coaxial Cable 124

11.3.3 Fiber Optic Cable 125

11.3.4 Wireless Media 125

New Words and Phrases 126

Computer Terms 126

Grammar 126

Exercises 128

Reading Material 128

Reference Translation 129

Chapter 12 Computer Networks 133

12.1 Evolution of Computer Networks 133

12.2 Protocol 134

12.3 Topology 134

12.3.1 Types of Physical Topology 134

12.3.2 Types of Logical Topology 136

12.4 Network Operating System 137

New Words and Phrases 137

Computer Terms 138

Grammar 138

Exercises 140

Reading Material 141

Reference Translation 142

Chapter 13 Internet and WWW 146

13.1 The Origin ofthe Internet 146

13.2 TCP/IP 147

13.3 ISP 148

13.4 Intemet Address and Domain Name 148

13.5 Worid Wide Web（WWW） 149

New Words and Phrases 150

Computer Terms 150

Grammar 150

Exercises 151

Reading Material 152

Reference Translation 152

Chapter 14 Data Security 156

14.1 What Can Go Wrong? 156

14.1.1 Operator Error 156

14.1.2 Power Failures,Spikes and Surges 157

14.1.3 Hardware Failure 157

14.2 Viruses 158

14.2.1 Types of Computer Viruses 158

14.2.2 Worms and Trojan Horses 160

14.3 Protecting Yourself 160

New Words and Phrases 161

Computer Terms 161

Grammar 162

Exercises 163

Reading Material 163

Reference Translation 164

Chapter 15 Data Compression 169

15.1 What Is Data Compression? 169

15.2 Lossless Compression and Lossy Compression 169

15.3 Text Compression 170

15.4 Image Compression 171

15.5 Video ＆ Audio Compression 172

New Words and Phrases 173

Computer Terms 173

Grammar 173

Exercises 175

Reading Material 175

Reference Translation 176

Chapter 16 Artificial Intelligence 180

16.1 Artificial Intelligence and Turing Test 180

16.2 Branches of AI 181

16.3 Applications of AI 183

New Words and Phrases 184

Computer Terms 185

Granunar 185

Exercises 186

Reading Material 187

Reference Translation 188

Appendix Key to Exercises 193