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Lesson 1 The History of Automobile 1

1．Introduction 1

2．Early Steam Powered Cars 1

3．Early Electric Cars 2

4．The Internal Combustion Engine and Early Gas-Powered Cars 2

5．The First Mass Producers of Cars-The Assembly Line 5

6．The Development of Cars 5

Lesson 2 Introduction to Automobile 7

1．Introduction 7

2．Automobile Basic Construction 7

3．Automobile and Society 11

Lesson 3 Engine Fundamentals 13

1．Introdunction 13

2．Main Terms 13

3．Engine Systems 14

4．Engine Operating Principles 16

5．Basic Terms 18

Lesson 4 Diesel Engine 21

1．Introduction 21

2．Cycle of Operation of the Four-stroke Diesel Engine 22

3．Diesel Fuel Supply System 23

Lesson 5 Two-stroke Engine 27

1．Introduction 27

2．Two-stroke SI Engine 27

3．Two-stroke CI Engine 30

Lesson 6 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head 33

1．Introduction 33

2．Cylinder Block 33

3．Cylinder Head 35

Lesson 7 Piston,Connecting Rod and Crankshaft 38

1．Introduction 38

2．The Piston 38

3．The Connecting Rod 40

4．The Crankshaft 41

Lesson 8 The Valve Mechanism of an Engine 44

1．Purpose of Valves 44

2．Operation of Valve Mechanism 45

3．Valve 46

4．Camshaft 48

Lesson 9 Engine Lubrication System 49

1．Purpose of Lubrication 49

2．Construction of Lubrication System 50

Lesson 10 Engine Cooling System 54

1．Purposes of the Cooling System 54

2．Heat Removal 54

3．Types of Cooling System 55

Lesson 11 Engine Ignition System 60

1．Conventional Ignition System 61

2．Electronic Ignition System 63

Lesson 12 Engine Starting System 66

1．Starter Motor 67

2．Solenoid Switch 69

3．Ignition/Starter Switch 69

4．Cables 69

5．Battery 69

Lesson 13 Engine Intake and Exhaust System 72

1．Intake System 72

2．Exhaust System 74

Lesson 14 Gasoline Engine Management System(EMS) 77

1．Introduction 77

2．The Spark Ignition Engine 78

3．Primary Engine Management Functions 78

4．Cylinder Charge 79

5．Mixture Formation 81

6．Ignition 84

Lesson 15 Gasoline Fuel Supply Systems 86

1．Introduction 86

2．Fuel Delivery System 87

Lesson 16 Clutch 96

1．Introduction 96

2．Design Diagrams of Clutches 97

Lesson 17 Manual Transmission 102

1．Introduction 102

2．Function and Configuration 103

Lesson 18 Automatic Transmission 107

1．Parts of an Automatic Transmission 107

2．The Fluid Coupling 108

3．How does the Planetary Gear System Work? 109

Lesson 19 Propeller Shafts and Universal Joints 111

1．Introduction 111

2．Propeller Shafts 112

3．Universal Joints 113

4．Cross Type Joint 113

5．Constant Velocity Joint 113

Lesson 20 Final Drive,Differential and Axles 115

1．Final Drive 115

2．Differential 116

3．Front-wheel Drive(FWD) 117

Lesson 21 Suspension System 119

1．Introduction 119

2．Front Suspension 120

3．Rear Suspension 122

Lesson 22 Steering System 125

1．Introduction 125

2．Configuration and Principle Steering Gears 127

Lesson 23 Mechanical Brake System 129

1．Introduction 129

2．Early Brake Designs 129

3．Automotive Brake Designs 130

4．External Contracting-band Brakes 130

5．Internal Expanding-band Brakes 132

6．Internal Expanding-shoe Brakes 132

7．Disc Brakes 133

8．Brake System Operation 134

9．Service Brakes 134

Lesson 24 ABS,TCS and ESP 138

1．Introduction to anti-lock Braking System(ABS) 138

2．The Principle ofABS Function 139

3．The Principle ofTCS Function 140

4．The Principle of ESP Function 140

5．ESP-Electronic Stability Program 141

Lesson 25 Tires and Wheels 144

1．Introduction 144

2．Tire Characteristics 145

3．Asymmetric Tire Designs 145

4．Tire Performance 146

5．Wheels 147

Lesson 26 Automotive Battery 150

1．Introduction 150

2．Conventional Batteries 151

3．Maintenance-free Batteries 152

Lesson 27 Lighting System 155

1．Introduction 155

2．Lamps 156

3．Headlights 156

Lesson 28 Instrument Panel 158

1．Introduction 158

2．Speedometers 158

3．Odometers 159

4．Tachometers 159

5．Gauges 159

6．Instrument Voltage Regulator 160

7．Bimetallic Gauges 160

Lesson 29 Occupant Safety Systems 162

1．Seat Belts and Seat Belt Tighteners 162

2．Method of Operation 163

3．Frontal Airbag 164

4．Side Airbag 165

Lesson 30 Air Conditioning System 167

1．Air Circulation 167

2．Humidity 167

3．Cooling the Air 168

4．Drying and Cleaning the Air 171

5．Anti-icing 171

6．Thermostatic Expansion Valve 171