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Contents 1

Part One:Fundamental Geology 1

Lesson One 1

Text The Earth(Ⅰ) 1

Word Building Word Composition 3

Exercises 4

Reading Material The Earth(Ⅱ) 6

Lesson Two 9

Text Common Minerals 9

Word Building Root(Ⅰ) 13

Exercises 14

Reading Material Minerals 16

Lesson Three 20

Text Sedimentary Rocks 20

Word Building Root(Ⅱ) 23

Exercises 24

Reading Material Igneous Rocks 26

Lesson Four 31

Text The Study of Fossils——Paleontology 31

Word Building Prefix(Ⅰ) 34

Exercises 35

Reading Materials A:Relation of Paleontology to Other Sciences 37

B:Fossils and Correlation 38

Lesson Five 40

Text The Geologic Time Scale 40

Word Building Prefix(Ⅱ) 44

Exercises 45

Reading Material Sequence Stratigraphy 47

Lesson Six 50

Text Faults 50

Word Building Suffix 52

Exercises 53

Reading Material Crustal Plates in Motion 55

Part Two:Coal Geology 58

Lesson Seven 58

Text Coal-Forming Environments 58

Translation Guide Criterion and Process 61

Exercises 63

Reading Material Application of Depositional Models 65

Lesson Eight 69

Text Coal Basins 69

Translation Guide Common Errors 72

Exercises 73

Reading Material Basin Analysis 75

Lesson Nine 79

Text Coal(Ⅰ) 79

Exercises 82

Reading Materials A:Coal(Ⅱ) 83

B:Coalification 86

Lesson Ten 90

Text Macerals of Coal 90

Exercises 92

Reading Materials A:Origin of Macerals and Coal Lithotypes 94

B:Minerals in Coal 97

Lesson Eleven 100

Text　Drilling for Coal 100

Exercises 104

Reading Materials A:Map Compilation 105

B:Coalfield Exploration 107

Lesson Twelve 112

Text Geological Factors in Roof Behaviour 112

Exercises 115

Reading Materials A:Geology in Underground Mining 116

B:Outbursts of Rock,Coal and Gases 121

Part Three:HydrOgeOlOgy 125

Lesson Thirteen 125

Text The Hydrologic Cycle 125

Translation Guide Long Sentences Translation(Ⅰ) 127

Exercises 129

Reading Material Hydrology and Hydrogeology 130

Lesson Fourteen 133

Text Subsurface Water 133

Translation Guide Long Sentences Translation(Ⅱ) 136

Exercises 139

Reading Material　How Water Enters the Earth 140

Lesson Fifteen 142

Text Types of Aquifers 142

Exercises 144

Reading Materials A:Wells and Springs 145

B:Artesian Wells,Hot Springs and Geysers 146

Lesson Sixteen 150

Text Ground Water Flow——Darcy s Law 150

Exercises 153

Reading Materials A:Recharge and Discharge Areas 154

B:Quality of Water 156

Lesson Seventeen 159

Text The Geologic Work of Ground Water 159

Exercises 161

Reading Materials A:Hydrogeology and Environment 162

B:Ground Water Exploration——Geological and 164

Hydrological Methods 164

Lesson Eighteen 167

Text Soil 167

Exercises 170

Reading Materials A:Mass Wasting 171

B:Geotechnical Investigations 174

Part Four:Applied Geophysics 176

Lesson Nineteen 176

Text Geophysics 176

Writing Guide Abstract Writing(Ⅰ) 178

Exercises 180

Reading Material Principles of Applied Geophysics 181

Lesson Twenty 184

Text Geoelectrical Methods 184

Writing Guide Abstract Writing(Ⅱ) 186

Exercises 188

Reading Material Electrical Resistivity and Electromagnetic Methods 190

Lesson Twenty-one 193

Text Seismic Methods 193

Exercises 195

Reading Materials A:Seismic Reflection 197

B:Seismic Field Operations 199

Lesson Twenty-two 201

Text Geophysical Well Logging 201

Exercises 203

Reading Materials A:The Method of Electrode Potentials(Eplog) 205

B:Nuclear Logging Methods 206

Lesson Twenty-three 209

Text Magnetic Methods 209

Exercises 211

Reading Materials A:Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies 213

B:Field Measurement Procedures 215

Lesson Twenty-four 217

Text Gravity Anomalies 217

Exercises 219

Reading Materials A:Field Measurements and Their Processing 221

B:Interpretation of Gravimetric Observations 222

Vocabulary 225