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“Primer” in DNA Polymerase Reactions F.J.BOLLUM 1

Ⅰ.Introduction 1

Ⅱ.Definitions and Polymer Principles 2

Ⅲ.Priming Activity as a Function of Molecular Weight and State 4

Ⅳ.Chemical and Physical Effects as an Aid in Elucidating Mechanism 14

Ⅴ.Hypothetical Mechanism for DNA Synthesis 19

Ⅵ.Summary 24

References 25

The Biosynthesis of Ribonucleic Acid in Animal Systems R.M.S.SMELLIE 27

Ⅰ.Introduction 27

Ⅱ.Systems Incorporating One or Two Ribonucleotides into Polyribonucleotides 30

Ⅲ.Systems Incorporating All Four Ribonucleotide Residues 37

Ⅳ. Requirement for a Primer 41

Ⅴ. Site of RNA Biosynthesis in the Cell 46

Ⅵ. Speculations as to the Significance of the Different Synthetic Pathways 49

References 55

The Role of DNA in RNA Synthesis JERARD HURWITZ AND J.T.AUGUST 59

Ⅰ.Introduction 59

Ⅱ.The in Vivo Control of RNA Synthesis by DNA 59

Ⅲ.The in Vitro Control of RNA Synthesis by DNA 62

Ⅳ.Conclusion 89

References 90

Polynucleotide Phosphorylase M.GRUNBERG-MANAGO 93

Ⅰ.Introduction 93

Ⅱ.Isolation of Polynucleotide Phosphorylase 94

Ⅲ.The Catalytic Reaction 99

Ⅳ.Reaction Mechanism 111

Ⅴ.Polymers 125

Ⅵ.Physiological Function of Polynucleotide Phoephorylase 127

References 129

Messenger Ribonucleic Acid FRITZ LIPMANN 135

Ⅰ.Synopsis 135

Ⅱ.Synthesis of Template RNA 138

Ⅲ.Kinetics of mRNA Synthesis 145

Ⅳ.In Vitro Combination of Ribosomes with Added RNA 154

Ⅴ.The Functioning of mRNA in Peptide Synthesis 155

Ⅵ.Conclusion 157

References 158

The Recent Excitement in the Coding Problem F.H.C.CRICK 163

Ⅰ.Introduction 164

Ⅱ.General Questions 168

Ⅲ.The Cell-Free System 175

Ⅳ.Amino Acid Changes from a Single Mutation 186

Ⅴ.Further Experimental Evidence 194

Ⅵ.Is the Code Degenerate? 198

Ⅶ.Theoretical Matters 203

Ⅷ. General Observations 212

Addendum 214

References 215

Some Thoughts on the Double-Stranded Model of Deoxyribonucleic Acid AARON BENDICH AND HEBBERT S.ROSENKRANZ 219

Text 219

Concluding Remarks 227

Referencon 227

Denaturation and Renaturation of Deoxyribonucleic Acid J.MARMUR,R.ROWED,AND C.L.SCHILDKRAUT 231

Ⅰ.Properties of the Native and Denatured States of RNA 232

Ⅱ.Early Denaturation Studies on DNA 235

Ⅲ.Denaturation and Evidence for Strand Separation 240

Ⅳ.General Aspects of Denaturation and Renaturation 257

Ⅴ.Mechanism of Renaturation 271

Ⅵ.Hybrid Formation 278

Ⅶ.Applications of Renaturation 288

Ⅷ.Summary 291

References 293

Some Problems Concerning the Macromolecular Structure of Ribonucleic Acids A.S.SPIRIN 301

Ⅰ.Introduction 301

Ⅱ. Chain Length 303

Ⅲ.Chain Conformation of RNA in Solution 315

Ⅳ.On Chain Conformation within Riboeomes 338

Ⅴ.Conclusion 341

References 341

The Structure of DNA as Determined by X-ray Scattering Techniques VITTORIO LUZZATI 347

Ⅰ.Introduction 347

Ⅱ.X-ray Diffraction Technique 348

Ⅲ.The Chemical and Physicochemical Evidence 351

Ⅳ.The Structure of DNA Fibers 352

Ⅴ.The Strueture of DNA in Solution 353

Ⅵ.Discussion and Conclusions 363

References 366

Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation Effects A.WACKER 369

Ⅰ.Preface 369

Ⅱ.Ultraviolet Light 370

Ⅲ.X-rays 395

Ⅳ.Conclusion 396

References 398

AUTHOR INDEX 401

SUBJECT INDEX 416