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WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2004pdf电子书版本下载

WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK 2004
  • 出版社:
  • ISBN:9264108173
  • 出版时间:未知
  • 标注页数:570页
  • 文件大小:60MB
  • 文件页数:572页
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图书目录

1.The Context 39

The Methodological Approach 40

The Reference Scenario 41

Government Policies and Measures 41

Macroeconomic Factors 41

Population 43

Energy Prices 46

Technological Developments 51

The World Alternative Policy Scenario 52

Main Uncertainties 53

2.Global Energy Trends 57

Energy Demand 58

Primary Fuel Mix 58

Regional Trends 64

Sectoral Trends 66

Energy Production and Trade 69

Resource Availability and Production Prospects 69

Outlook for International Trade 71

Investment Outlook 72

Energy-Related CO2 Emissions 74

Overview 74

Regional Emission Trends 76

Sectoral Emission Trends 77

World Alternative Policy Scenario 78

3.Oil Market Outlook 81

Oil Demand 82

Oil Reserves and Resources 87

Classifying and Measuring Resources 87

Estimates of Proven Reserves 90

Turning Resources into Reserves 93

Oil Production 105

Summary of Projections 105

Conventional Oil Production Prospects by Region 106

Non-Conventional Oil Production Prospects 114

Inter-Regional Oil Trade 115

Investment Outlook 119

Implications of High Oil Prices 122

Background and Assumptions 122

Results 123

4.Natural Gas Market Outlook 129

Gas Demand 130

Gas Supply 135

Proven Reserves and Potential Resources 135

Production Prospects 136

Gas Trade 140

Investment Outlook 144

Price Developments 145

North America 146

Europe 147

Asia-Pacific 147

Regional Trends 148

North America 148

European Union 153

OECD Asia 156

OECD Oceania 159

Transition Economies 159

Developing Asia 161

Middle East 163

Africa 165

Latin America 166

5.Coal Market Outlook 169

Coal Demand 170

Sectoral Demand 171

Impact of Environmental Policy and Technology 172

Coal Reserves and Production 174

Proven Reserves 174

Production Prospects 175

Hard Coal Trade 176

Price Developments 179

Investment Outlook 181

Regional Trends 182

OECD North America 182

OECD Europe 182

OECD Pacific 184

China 185

India 187

Africa 188

Indonesia 188

6 Electricity Market Outlook 191

Electricity Demand 192

Drivers of Electricity Demand 192

Sectoral Growth 193

Power Generation 193

Choice of New Plant 194

The Electricity-Generation Mix 196

Technology Outlook 204

Impact on Fuel Markets 206

Capacity Requirements and Investment Outlook 207

CO2 Emissions 211

Electricity Markets and the Status of Reforms 212

Regional Trends 216

United States and Canada 216

European Union 218

OECD Pacific 220

China 220

India 222

Brazil 223

7 Renewable Energy Outlook 225

Renewable Energy Demand 226

Renewables in Power Generation 228

Cost Developments 232

Outlook by Source 234

Capacity and Investment Outlook 238

Renewables in Industry and Buildings 239

Biofuels 240

8 Regional Outlooks 243

OECD Regions and the EU 244

Overview 244

OECD North America 245

European Union 249

OECD Asia 254

OECD Oceania 257

Developing Countries 259

Developing Asia 261

China 263

India 269

Indonesia 271

Latin America 273

Brazil 274

Middle East 278

Africa 279

Transition Economies 281

9 Russia – an In-Depth Study 283

Energy Market Overview 284

Macroeconomic Context 286

Energy Policy Developments 291

Energy Demand Outlook 294

Overview 294

Sectoral Trends 297

Oil Supply Outlook 300

Resources 301

Crude Oil Production 303

Refining Capacity and Production 305

Export Prospects 305

Industry Structure and the Role of the State 307

Gas Supply Outlook 308

Resources and Production Trends 308

Export Prospects 313

Market Reforms 314

Coal Supply Outlook 315

Power and Heat Sector Outlook 317

Capacity Needs and Fuel Mix 317

Impact of Electricity Market Reforms 320

Implications of the Projections 323

Russia’s Role in the Global Energy Market 323

Energy Investment Needs and Financing 325

Environmental Impact 326

10.Energy and Development 329

The Role of Energy in Development 330

Energy and Economic Growth 33

Energy and Human Development 334

The IEA Energy Development Index 342

Prospects for Energy Development 346

EDI Projections to 2030 346

Energy Development and the Millennium Goals 350

Policy Implications 353

Appendix to Chapter 10: Electrification Tables 357

11 World Alternative Policy Scenario 367

Background and Approach 368

Why an Alternative Scenario? 368

Methodology 369

Key results 372

Energy Demand 372

Implications for Energy Supply 374

Carbon-Dioxide Emissions 377

Investment Outlook 380

Results by Region 384

OECD Regions and the EU 385

Non-OECD Countries 389

Results by Sector 396

Power Generation 396

Transport 401

Industry 405

Residential and Services Sectors 408

Beyond the Alternative Policy Scenario 411

Appendix to Chapter 11:Tables for World Alternative Policy Scenario Projections 415

Annex A Tables for Reference Scenario Projections 429

Annex B Energy Projections: Assessment and Comparison 519

Annex C World Energy Model 2004 531

Annex D The Precarious State of Energy Statistics 549

Annex E Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms 553

Annex F References 563

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