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Experiment 1 Practice in Making Laboratory Measurements 1

Part A: Density of Rectangular Solids 2

Part B: Densities of Cylindrical Solids 3

Part C: Densities of Irregularly Shaped Solids 4

Part D: Cleanup, Calculations, and Questions 4

Experiment 2 Density of Glass by Flotation and Density Gradient Columns 7

Part A: Physical Matching 8

Part B: Edge Thickness 9

Part C: Density Comparison by Flotation 9

Part D: Density Comparison by Density Gradient Tubes (Advanced) 9

Experiment 3 Practice in the Use of the Microscope 19

Part A: The Compound Microscope 20

Part B: The Stereoscopic Microscope 24

Part C: Comparison of Paint Chips 25

Part D: Comparison of Paper Matches 26

Experiment 4 Refractive Index (RI) of Glass Fragments 31

Part A: The Becke Line Concept 33

Part B: Refractive Index of Automotive Glass (Advanced) 34

Experiment 5 Soil Analysis 39

Part A: Sample Preparation 41

Part B: Density Gradient Tube 41

Part C: Rate of Settling of Soil Particles 42

Experiment 6 Powder Residues on Fabrics 51

Part A: Bullet Holes in Fabric 52

Part B: Sodium Rhodizonate Test for Lead Residues 53

Experiment 7 Blood Identification and Typing 57

Part A: Is it Really Blood? 59

Part B: Incompatibility Relationships in the ABO System 59

Experiment 8 Typing of Dried Bloodstains (Advanced) 65

Part A: Typing Dried Bloodstains 66

Part B: Blood Test Sensitivity 66

Experiment 9 Fingerprinting 71

Part A: Making a Latent Fingerprint Visible 73

Part B: Lifting a Latent Print 75

Part C: Fluorescent Dusting Powder (Advanced) 75

Part D: Obtaining an Inked Print 75

Part E: Matching Prints 76

Experiment 10 Fingerprinting (Advanced) 87

Part A: Obtaining Fingerprints from Paper by Means of Ninhydrin 88

Part B: The Silver Nitrate Method 89

Part C: The Use of Super Glue 90

Part D: Enhancement of Super Glue Fingerprints by Dusting and Fluorescence (Advanced) 92

Experiment 11 Comparison of Tool Marks and Casting 97

Part A: Making a Cast of a Tool Imprint 98

Part B: Individual Characteristics of Tool Marks 99

Part C: Plaster of Paris Casts of Footprints and Tire Treads 99

Part D: Making a Second Cast from a Mold (Advanced) 100

Experiment 12 Reproducing Bite Marks 107

Experiment 13 Restoring Serial Numbers on Metals 111

Experiment 14 Restoring Bloody Shoe Prints 117

Part A: Coomassie Blue Processing 118

Part B: Leucocrystal Violet Processing 119

Experiment 15 Examination of Hair and Textile Fibers by Microscopy 123

Part A: General Internal Characteristics 125

Part B: Scale Patterns 126

Part C: Hair Color 126

Part D: Making Cross Sections of Fibers (Advanced) 126

Experiment 16 A Qualitative Test for Marijuana 135

Part A: Marijuana, Weeds, and Tobacco 136

Part B: Possible Coffee Interferences 137

Part C: Microscopic Identification 137

Experiment 17 Drug Analysis: Microchemical Spot Tests for General Classes 143

Experiment 18 Drug Analysis: Microcrystalline Tests 153

Experiment 19 Identification of Drugs and Poisons by Infrared Spectroscopy (Advanced) 159

Experiment 20 Salicylates in Blood byVisible Spectroscopy 165

Part A: Basic Spectrophotometry 166

Part B: Salicylates in Blood Serum (Advanced) 167

Experiment 21 Salicylates in Blood by Fluorometry (Advanced) 171

Experiment 22 Quinine in Urine by Fluorometry (Advanced) 177

Experiment 23 Breath Alcohol by the Intoxilyzer 181

Experiment 24 Analysis of Blood Alcohol by Gas Chromatography Using a Thermal Conductivity Detector 189

Experiment 25 Analysis of Blood Alcohol by Gas-Liquid Chromatography Using a Flame Ionization Detector 197

Experiment 26 Analysis of Ink by Paper Chromatography 203

Experiment 27 Separation of Ink Dyes Using Thin Layer Chromatography 209

Experiment 28 Seminal Stains by Human Prostatic Acid Phosphatase 215

Part A: Suspected Stains on Clothing or Bedding 216

Part B: Examination of Swabs 217

Part C: Vaginal Washings 217

Part D: Locating Seminal Stains by Their Phosphorescence (Advanced) 217

Experiment 29 Arson Detection: The Recovery of Flammable Liquids 221

Part A: Headspace Analysis 222

Part B: Vapor Concentration on Charcoal (Advanced) 223

Experiment 30 Spot Tests for Explosives and Explosive Residues 227

Experiment 31 Metal Residues on Hands from Guns, Knives, and Other Metal Weapons 239

Part A: The 8-Hydroxyquinoline Method 239

Part B: The Ferrozine Method 241

Experiment 32 The Emission Spectrum of Elements 245

Part A: Obtaining Flame Emissions 246

Part B: The Spectroscope 246

Part C: The Emission Spectra of Elements 247

Experiment 33 Heavy Metal Poisons by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Advanced) 251

Experiment 34 Determination of Blood Spatter Angles of Impact 257

Part A: Obtaining Blood Spatters 258

Part B: Measuring Angles of Impact 259

Experiment 35 Determining the Origin of Blood Spatters 265

Experiment 36 Electrophoretic Analysis of Blood for Human Origin (Advanced) 271

Experiment 37 Nuclear DNA Extraction 277

Part A: Isolation of Chromosomal DNA from E.Coli 279

Part B: Isolation of DNA from Vegetable Sources 280

Part C: Staining of DNA for Visualization 281

Experiment 38 DNA Fingerprinting I: EDVO-Kit #109 285

Experiment 39 PCR Amplification of DNA for Fingerprinting: EDVO-Kit #130 303

Experiment 40 The Comparison Microscope 319

Part A: Comparison of Toolmark Scratches 320

Part B: Comparison of Shell Cases and Slugs 321

Part C: Photomicrographs 322

Experiment 41 Burglaries and Murders: The Final Exam 327

Part A: A Bungled Burglary 327

Part B: Campsite Crime 328

Part C: A Parking Ramp Rumble 330

Part D: A Household Homicide 331

Part E: A Love Triangle? 333

Appendix 1 Glossary 335

Appendix 2 The Metric System 339