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1 History and Scope＆OSAMU HAYAISHI 1

Ⅰ．Introduction 1

Ⅱ．Dehydrogenases,Oxidases,and Oxygenases 3

Ⅲ．Methodology 6

Ⅳ．Nomenclature and Classification 9

Ⅴ．General Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Oxygenases 12

Ⅵ．Physiological Significance of Oxygenases 21

Ⅶ．Distribution of Oxygenases in Nature 25

References 27

2 Methodology of Oxygen Isotopes＆D．SAMUEL 31

Ⅰ．Introduction 32

Ⅱ．The Preparation of Materials 36

Ⅲ．Problems and Restrictions in the Use of Oxygen-18 45

Ⅳ．The Separation and Purification of Compounds for Isotopic Analysis 58

Ⅴ．Isotopic Analysis 62

Ⅵ．Conclusion 80

References 81

3 Phenolytic Oxygenases＆ALAN H．MEHLER 87

Ⅰ．Introduction 87

Ⅱ．Catechol Oxygenases 89

Ⅲ．Phenolic Oxygenases 99

Ⅳ．Other Aromatic Oxygenases 108

Ⅴ．Reactions That May Be Oxygenations 115

Ⅵ．Speculation on Mechanism 120

Ⅶ．Coda 124

References 124

4 Aromatic Hydroxylations＆SEYMOUN KAUFMAN 129

Ⅰ．Introduction 129

Ⅱ．Conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine 131

Ⅲ．Conversion of Dopamine to Norepinephrine 158

Ⅳ．General Discussion of Mechanism of Aerobic Hydroxylation Reactions 170

References 179

5 Oxygenases in Lipid and Steroid Metabolism＆MIKA HAYANO 181

Ⅰ．Introduction 182

Ⅱ．Oxygenases in the Biosynthesis of Cholesterol 183

Ⅲ．Oxygenases in the Biosynthesis of the Bile Acids 188

Ⅳ．Oxygenases in the Biosynthesis of Steroid Hormones 198

Ⅴ．Oxygenases of Animal Origin Acting on C18,C19, and C21 Steroids 214

Ⅵ．Oxygenases of Microbiological Origin 217

Ⅶ．Steroid Hydroxylation Mechanisms 225

Ⅷ．Oxygenases in Fatty Acid Metabolism 229

Ⅸ．Summary 236

Addendum 236

References 237

6 Bacterial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons＆I．W．FOSTER 241

Ⅰ．Introduction 241

Ⅱ．Involvement of Molecular Oxygen in Hydrocarbon Utilization 242

Ⅲ．Anaerobic Oxidation of Alkanes 254

Ⅳ．Cyclic Hydrocarbons 258

Addendum 267

References 269

7 Peroxidase as an Oxygenase＆PETER NICHOLLS 273

Ⅰ．Historical Introduction 274

Ⅱ．The Mechanism of the Oxidase Reaction 277

Ⅲ．The Physiological Role of the Oxidase Reaction 297

Ⅳ．Conclusions 301

Addendum 302

References 303

8 Phenolase＆DENIS KETESZ and ROMANO ZITO 307

Ⅰ．Introduction 307

Ⅱ．Preparation and Physicochemical Properties 308

Ⅲ．Oxidation of o-Dihydroxyphenols 323

Ⅳ．Oxidation of Monohydroxyphenols 328

Ⅴ．Concluding Remarks 348

References 349

9 Model Oxygenases and Theoretical Considerations on the Activation of Oxygen＆R．VERCAUTEREN and L．MASSART 355

Ⅰ．Introduction 355

Ⅱ．General Physicochemical Considerations on Reaction Mechanisms Involving Free Oxygen 357

Ⅲ．General Phenomena Involving Free Oxygen 361

Ⅳ．Reaction Mechanisms in Biological and Model Oxidase Systems 373

References 404

10 Cytochrome Oxidase＆KAZUO OKUNUKI 409

Ⅰ．Introduction 409

Ⅱ．Preparation of Cytochrome Components 414

Ⅲ．Cytochrome Oxidase System of Heart Muscle 424

Ⅳ．Pseudomonas Cytochrome Oxidase 449

Ⅴ．Discussion 459

References 464

11 Hemoglobin and Myoglobin＆JUI H．WANG 469

Ⅰ．Introduction 470

Ⅱ．Preparation and Physicochemical Properties 470

Ⅲ．Chemical Composition 474

Ⅳ．X-Ray and Paramagnetic Resonance Studies on Structure 477

Ⅴ．Reactions with Oxygen,Carbon Monoxide,and Nitric Acid 482

Ⅵ．Dissociation and Reconstitution Studies 501

Ⅶ．Riddle of the Stability of Oxyhemoglobin and Oxymyoglobin 502

Addendum 512

References 512

12 Hemerythrin and Hemocyanin＆F．GHIRETTI 517

Ⅰ．Introduction 517

Ⅱ．Hemerythrin 520

Ⅲ．Hemeocyanin 530

Ⅳ．Conclusions 546

References 549

AUTHOR INDEX 555

SUBJECT INDEX 573