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Introduction 1

Investigative Project:Report by the media of development in biological science and technology 10

Chapter 1　The chemical basis of life 11

Section 1　Chemical elements which constitute the living matter 12

Section 2　Compounds in organisms 14

[Experiment 1]The identification soluble matters in biological tissues:reduced sugar,fat and protein 21

Chapter 2 Cell—the basic unit of life 23

Section 1　Cell structure and function 24

1．Membrane structure and function 26

2．Structure and function of the cytoplasm 29

[Experiment 2]Use high-powered microscope to observe chloroplasts 34

[Experiment 3]To observe flow of cytoplasm 35

3．Nuclear structure and function 36

Section 2　Cell Reproduction 39

[Experiment 4]Mitosis in plant cells 45

Section 3　Cell differentiation,oncogenesis and senecence 47

Extracurricular reading　Cell engineering 50

Chapter 3 Metabolism 52

Section 1　Metabolism and Enzymes 53

[Experiment 5]A comparison of the catalytic efficiency of Fe3+ and hydrogen peroxidase 54

[Experiment 6]The efffect of amylase on starch and sucrose 55

[Experiment 7]Exploring the conditions affect amylase activities 56

Extracurricular reading　Enzyme engineering brings benefits to the people 59

Section 2　ATP in Metabolism 60

Section 3　Photosynthesis 62

[Experiment 8]Extracting and separating pigments of the chloroplast 63

Section 4　Water absorption and utilization in plants 69

[Experiment 9]The observation of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis 71

Section 5　Mineral nutrition in plants 74

Section 6　Metabolism of three major nutrients in humans and amimals 79

Section 7　Internal environment and homeostasis 86

Section 8　Respiration 89

Section 9　Basic metabolic types 93

Extracurricular reading　Fermentation engineering 96

Chapter 4 Regulation of life activities 97

Section 1　Hormonal regulation in plants 98

[Experiment 10]Plant tropism 98

Investigative project　Design an experiment to observe the effect of auxin or synthetic auxin on the growth and development of plants 104

Section 2　Regulation of life activities in higher animals and humans 105

1．Humoral regulation 105

Exercitation 1 Raising young animals with animal hormones(Selectable) 108

2．Nervous regulation 109

Extracurricular reading　Regulation of the autonomic nerve 115

3．Physiological foundation of animal behavior 116

Extracurricular reading　Exploring mysteries of the brain 120

Chapter 5 Reproduction and development 121

Section 1　Reproduction 122

1．Types of reproduction 122

Investigative project　Pollen tubes in angiosperm 126

Extracurricular reading　Cloning mammalian animals 126

2．Meiosis and formation of sexual reproductive cells 127

Section 2　Individual development of organisms 134

1．Individual development of angiosperm 134

2．The individual development of higher animals 137

Appendix Some nouns in the book with Chinese translation 142