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INTRODUCTORY—THE BIBLIOPHILES AND THEIR LIBRARY ACTIVITY IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF SHANGHAI 1

The cangshulou and the bibliophiles 2

Characteristics of the cangshulou 5

CHAPTER ONE—THE EARLY FOREIGN LIBRARIES 10

The social situation during the city's formation 10

Cultural activity and the role of the missionaries 14

The establishment of foreign libraries 18

The Public Library,S.M.C.(1849-1912) 20

Other foreign libraries 32

Acquisition of Sinological materials 39

Reading needs of the foreign community 41

Book organization 45

Library management 51

CHAPTER TWO—THE RISE OF MODERN CHINESE 62

LIBRARIANSHIP 62

Social background 62

Moves towards modern libraries 65

The origin of Chinese libraries in Shanghai 68

Libraries and publishing 72

Libraries for preserving the national heritage 77

Libraries and education 83

Libraries and society 86

Yuzhai tushuguan 88

Foreign libraries 90

General trends of the library development in this period 94

CHAPTER THREE—LIBRARY PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL LIFE 106

Social background 106

National situation in librarianship 109

Popular library movement in Shanghai 113

Private libraries opening to public 115

Special libraries 130

Christian libraries 137

Other foreign libraries 138

University and college libraries 139

School Libraries 145

Shanghai Library Association and its activity 147

CHAPTER FOUR—THE PRIME OF CITY LIBRARIANSHIP 161

Social background 161

The library situation 164

The birth of municipal libraries in Shanghai 168

New restrictions on private libraries 186

Popular libraries 188

Educational libraries 195

Society and institute libraries 200

Official libraries 208

Public Library,SMC 211

CHAPTER FIVE—LIBRARIES DURING THE WAR 229

Japanese attacks on Shanghai 229

Destruction of books and libraries 231

The library scene in the Lonely Island 236

The newly-founded libraries 237

The library situation in occupied Shanghai 252

CHAPTER SIX—LIBRARIES IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD:1946-1949 262

Social situation 262

Libraries in crisis 264

Restoration of the Shanghai Municipal Library 264

The Zhonghua Sparetime Library 270

The Oriental Economics Library 274

The final post-war phase 275

CONCLUSION 281

LIST OF SOURCES 288

GLOSSARY 324

POSTSCRIPT 351

1．Early foreign settlements in Shanghai 11

2．Foreign Population of Shanghai,1843-1936 13

3．Population of Shanghai,1840-1936 13

4．The Xujiahui cangshulou 34

5．Title-page from Catalogue of the NCBRAS Library(1894) 36

6．Title-page from Catalogue of the Shanghai Library(1872) 46

7．Preface to the Catalogue of the Shanghai Gezhi shuyuan,commenting on the new library building 70

8．Preface to a collection of letters relating to the founding of the Jiangsu diyi tushuguan 82

9．The building of the Oriental Library 126

10．A cataloguing card accompanying the Wanyou wenku series 129

11．Petition to the Shanghai Education Bureau from members of the Reader's Society of the Shanghai Communication Library(4 July 1929) 174

12．The Shanghai Municipal Government's order of 24 September 1929 175

13．The building of the City Library of Greater Shanghai 183

14．The Ant Library's ownership stamps and gift-plates 193

15．La Bibliotheque Sino-internationale at 5 Florissant,Geneva and its branch at 393 Ferguson Avenue,Shanghai 203

16．The destroyed buildings of the Oriental Library 232

17．Zhang Yuanji's last letter to Gu Tinglong(18 June 1953) 244

18．The Shanghai Municipal Library on the 3rd floor of the Fuzhou Road Market 266

19．The plan of the Shanghai Municipal Library 268

1．Analysis of stock,1872 and 1894(Shanghai Library) 47

2．Classification and number of books in 1912(Shanghai Library) 47

3．Classification of the Xujiahui cangshulou 49

4．The Hanfenlou classification for new books 97

5．The Gezhi shuyuan classification for new books 98

6．Library of Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce:statistics,1923-1929 122

7．Library holdings of local historical records(the Oriental Library) 127

8．Statistics of some municipal libraries(1936) 181

9．Visitors to the Shanghai Children's Library 248