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Ⅰ．Introduction 1

1．Definition of Translation 1

2．Criteria of Translation 4

3．Is Translation Easy? 12

4．Literal Translation vs.Liberal Translation 16

5．Translatability 20

6．Basic Differences between English and Chinese 26

Ⅱ．Disparity between"Corresponding Words"in English and Chinese 34

1．Semantic Range and Classification 34

2．Collocative Meaning 48

3．Colorful Meaning 54

4．The Innocent-looking Preposition 60

5．Special Plurals 65

Ⅲ．Different Ways of Expressing Actions 68

1．The Verb 68

1.1 Verbs 68

1.2 Verbification 72

2．The Noun 76

2.1 Dynamic Nouns 79

2.2 Agentive Nouns 88

2.3 Borrowed Unit Words 95

3．The Preposition 99

4．The Adjective 102

Ⅳ．Different Perspectives behind the Language 107

1．Nomenclature and Focus 107

2．View of Time and Space 110

3．Specific and General 111

4．Passive and Active 119

5．Negative and Affirmative 130

6．Personal Subject and Impersonal Subject 143

Ⅴ．Tenure of the Sentence Structure 148

1．Word Order 148

2．Disjunctive Modifier 152

3．Behind the Parallel Structure:the Conjunction"An" 155

4．The Conjunction"When" 167

5．Information Condensed in the Attributive Modifier 167

6．The Relative Clause 182

7．Rhetorical Comparison 186

8．Hypotaxis and Parataxis 190

9．Punctuation 200

Ⅵ．Translation as CrOss-cultural Communication 202

1．Cultural Connotation and Idioms 204

2．Culturally Unique Terms 213

3．Trademarks and Advertisements 215

4．Allusion 218

5．Implication of Color Terms 222

Ⅶ．Pragmatics and Translation 229

1．Purpose of Communication 229

2．Communicative Euphemism 233

3．Addressing Terms 238

4．Conventional Greetings 242

5．Stylistic Connotations 244

Appendixes 253

1．Comment on a Translation and Its Notes 253

2．Recommended Books on Translation 264