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Chapter Ⅰ Classical Chinese——Its Definition,Origin and Development 1

Chapter Ⅱ Features of Classical Chinese Vocabulary 7

(Ⅰ)Similarities and Differences in Meaning between Classical and Contemporary Chinese Words 8

A．Similarities in Meaning 8

B．Complete Differences in Meaning 10

C．Similarities and Differences Both Exist in Meaning 13

(Ⅱ)Original Meanings and Extended Meanings 25

A．Classification of Monosemic Words and Polysemic Words 25

B．Polysemy 32

C．Radiation and Concatenation 36

D．Direct Extended Meanings and Indirect Extended Meanings 53

E．Logical Extension of Word Meaning 58

F．Functional Extension of Word Meaning 62

(Ⅲ)Synonyms 91

A．Definition of Synonyms 91

B．Categories of Synonyms 94

C．The Sense Development of Synonyms 98

D．Ways of Differentiating Synonyms 101

Chapter Ⅲ Analysis of Classical Chinese Syntax 106

(Ⅰ)Some Basic Principles of Classical Chinese Syntax 106

A．Word Classes 106

B．Subject and Predicate 114

C．Word Order 115

(Ⅱ)Noun Predication 117

A．Verbless Noun Predication 117

B．The Copula Verb 为 120

C．The Copula Verb 曰 121

(Ⅲ)Verbal Predicates 121

A．Classes of Verbs 122

B．Adjectives 123

C．Nouns Used as Verbs 124

D．Intransitive Verbs 124

E．Transitive Verbs—Active and Passive 125

(Ⅳ)Imperative,Interrogative,and Exclamatory Sentences 126

A．Imperative Sentences 126

B．Interrogative Sentences 127

C．Exclamatory Sentences 129

(Ⅴ)Complex Sentences 130

A．Parataxis and Hypotaxis 130

B．Conditional Clauses 132

C．Concessive Clauses 137

D．Temporal Clauses 138

E．Cause,Reason 139

Chapter Ⅳ English Translation of Classical Chinese 141

(Ⅰ)Theories on the Criteria of Translation 141

(Ⅱ)Style and Translation 145

(Ⅲ)Some Points in the Translation of Classical Chinese 160

A．The Conciseness of Classical Chinese 160

B．The Omission of Sentence Elements of Classical Chinese 165

C．The Exact Interpretation of the Source Language 174

Conclusion 178

Bibliography 180