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POLITICS 1

BOOK Ⅰ：THE HOUSEHOLD 3

A．Definition and Structure of the State 5

B．Household Management 9

1．Parts of the Household 9

2．Slavery 9

3．The Art of Acquisition 15

4．Marital and Paternal Authority 23

5．Virtue in Rulers and Ruled 23

BOOK Ⅱ：PROPOSED IDEAL CONSTITUTIONS 27

A．Theoretical Systems of Government 29

1．Plato＇s Republic 29

2．Plato＇s Laws 39

3．Phaleas of Chalcedon 43

4．Hippodamus of Miletus 46

B．Existing Forms of Government 51

1．Sparta 51

2．Crete 56

3．Carthage 59

4．Notes on Solon and other Legislators 61

BOOK Ⅲ：STATE AND CITIZEH 65

A．Citizenship 67

1．What is a Citizen？ 67

2．What is the State？ 69

3．Civic Virtue 71

4．Qualifications for Citizenship 74

B．Classification of Constitutions 76

C．Democracy，Oligarchy，and Distributive Justice 80

D．Kingship 92

1．Five Forms of Kingship 92

2．Absolute Kingship 94

BOOKS Ⅳ-Ⅵ：THE INFERIOR CONSTITUTIONS 103

A．Morphology of the State(Book Ⅳ) 103

1．Subject-matter of Political Science 103

2．Varieties of Constitution 106

(A)Democracy and Oligarchy 106

(B)Aristocracy 112

(C)Polity 113

(D)Tyranny 116

3．The Best Constitution in Normal Circumstances 117

4．Appropriate Constitutions 120

5．Methods of Framing Constitutions 123

(A)The Deliberative Element 123

(B)The Executive 126

(C)The Judicature 130

B．Pathology of the State(Book Ⅴ) 133

1．General Causes of Sedition and Constitutional Change 133

2．Particular Causes of Constitutional Change 142

(A)Causes of Revolution in Democracies 142

(B)Causes of Revolution in Oligarchies 144

(C)Causes of Revolution in Aristocracies and Polities 147

(D)Methods of Stabilizing Democracies，Oligarchies，Aristocracies，and Polities 150

(E)Causes of Revolution in Monarchies 157

(F)Methods of Stabilizing Monarchies 163

(G)Critical Notes on Plato＇s Theory of Gonstitutional Change 169

C．Postscript to Book Ⅳ(Book Ⅵ) 172

1．Introductory 172

2．Construction of Democracies 173

3．Construction of Oligarchies 181

4．Organization of Offices 183

BOOKS Ⅶ AND Ⅷ：ARISTOTLE＇S IDEAL STATE 189

A．Political Aims and Educational Principles(Book Ⅶ) 191

1．The Most Desirable Life 191

2．The Ideal State Described 197

(A)Population and Territory 197

(B)Character and Classification of Citizens 200

(C)Distribution of Land 204

(D)The Capital：Choice of Site and Planning 206

3．Educational System of the Ideal State 208

(A)The Purpose of Education 208

(B)Prenatal Care and Infant Training 215

B．Youth Training(Book Ⅷ) 221

1．General System 221

2．Physical Training 224

3．Music 225

Appendices 235

THE ATHENIAN CONSTITUTION 245

PART Ⅰ：CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY TO 403 B．C 247

Ⅰ．From the Earliest Times to 594 B．C 247

Ⅱ．The Constitution of Solon 249

Ⅲ．The Peisistratid Tyranny 256

Ⅳ．The Constitution of Cleisthenes 262

Ⅴ．Ostracism 264

Ⅵ．Supremacy of the Areopagus．Aristides and Themistocles 265

Ⅶ．Ephialtes 267

Ⅷ．Cimon 268

Ⅸ．Pericles 269

Ⅹ．The Successors of Pericles 270

Ⅺ．Revolution of the Four Hundred 271

Ⅻ．Arginusae and Aegospotami 276

ⅩⅢ．The Thirty 277

ⅩⅣ．The Ten and the Restoration of Democracy 279

ⅩⅤ．Summary 283

PART Ⅱ：THE CONSTITUTION OF ATHENS，circa 325 B．C 284

Ⅰ．Enrolment and Training of Ephebi 284

Ⅱ．Magistrates chosen by Lot：the Legislature and Executive 285

(A)The Council of Five Hundred Members 285

(1)The Council and the Assembly 286

(2)Other Functions of the Council 287

(B)Minor Officials 291

(1)Commissioners for Temple Repairs 291

(2)City Commissioners 291

(3)Market Commissioners 291

(4)Commissioners of Weights and Measures 292

(5)Corn Commissioners 292

(6)Superintendents of Wholesale Warehouses 292

(7)The Eleven 292

(8)Introducers 292

(9)The Forty 293

(10)The Arbitrators 293

(11)Commissioners of Roads 294

(12)Auditors 294

(13)Clerk of the Prytany 294

(14)Clerk of the Laws 294

(15)Commissioners of Sacrifices 294

(16)Annual Commissioners 295

(17)Archon for Salamis 295

(18)Demarch for the Peiraeus 295

(C)The Nine Archons 296

1．The Archon 296

2．The King-Archon 297

3．The Polemarch 298

4．The Thesmothetae 299

(D)Commissioners of Games 300

Ⅲ．Magistrates Elected by Open Vote：Military Officers 301

(A)Generals 301

(B)Taxiarchs 301

(C)Hipparchs 301

(D)Phylarchs 301

(E)Hipparch for Lemnos 302

(F)Treasurers 302

Ⅳ．Salaries 302

Ⅴ．The Judicature 302

Appendix 308

Index 309