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PART ONE 1

1．The Purpose of This Book 3

2．Sounds and Symbols：A Preliminary View of the Sounds of English and the Phonetic Symbols Representing Them 5

Observations on＂silent letters＂in English 6

Stressing and unstressing 13

Summary of the sounds of English：Key words 24

3．Production and Classification of Speech Sounds 33

The need for a special nomenclature 49

Consonant，vowel，and phoneme defined 65

4．Detailed View of the Sounds of English Speech 81

RéSumé 81

English vowels 90

English diphthongs 95

Unstressing in sentences 110

Some stressed and unstressed pairs of vowels 115

Duration of stressed vowels in English 117

English consonants 120

Observations on distinguishing between voiced and voiceless plosives 123

An observation on the vocal component of voiced consonants 123

The glottal stop and its functions 127

Nasals 128

5．Sound Change 146

Physiological causes of sound change 151

Psychological causes of sound change 152

Sociological causes of sound change 152

Specific sound changes 152

Special cases of assimilation 155

PART TWO 169

6．Speech Regions of America 171

7．General American English：Standard and Substandard 182

Standard General American English 183

Deviations from standard General American speech 189

Southern-General American Border substandard pronunciation 192

Urban substandard speech 193

Deviations from standard General American，Southern，and Eastern speech 193

8．Southern American English：Standard and Substandard 205

Standard Southern speech 205

Deviations from standard Southern American speech 212

Miscellaneous substandard pronunciations 220

9．Eastern American English：Standard and Substandard 221

Standard Eastern speech 222

Deviations from standard Eastern speech 233

Urban substandardisms 235

10．Standard Southern British：＂Stage Speech＂ 239

Plays requiring or permitting stage speech for the grammatically accurate portions 239

Sound system of Southern British (stage) speech 240