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1．The Mode of Action of Poisons＆by C． P．STEWART and GUSTAV J．MARTIN 1

Ⅰ．Introduction 3

Ⅱ．Enzyme Inhibition 7

Ⅲ．Factors which Influence Inhibition and Its Effects 7

Ⅳ．Further Examples of Enzyme Inhibition；Antidotes 12

Ⅴ．Conclusion 15

References 15

2．Gases，Vapors，Mists，and Dusts＆by J．C．GAGE 17

Ⅰ．The Importance of Contaminated Atmosphere in Industrial Hygiene 17

Ⅱ．Biochemical Control of Exposure 25

Ⅲ．The Determination of Toxic Substances in the Atmosphere 28

References 52

3．Identification and Estimation of Volatile Poisons＆by HENRY C．FREIMUTH 55

Ⅰ．Introduction 55

Ⅱ．Qualitative Tests 56

Ⅲ．Quantitative Procedures 69

References 83

4．Ethyl Alcohol＆by R．N．HARGER 85

Ⅰ．Pure Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages 86

Ⅱ．＂Normal＂Alcohol 88

Ⅲ．Absorption of Alcohol 88

Ⅳ．Distribution of Absorbed Alcohol 89

Ⅴ．Fate of Absorbed Alcohol 98

Ⅵ．Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects 104

Ⅶ．Determination of Alcohol in Body Materials；General Considerations 116

Ⅷ．Directions for Five Methods of Estimating Alcohol in Body Tissues and Fluids 126

Ⅸ．Breath Alcohol Methods 137

Ⅹ．Medicolegal Interpretation of the Level of Blood Alcohol 143

References 147

5．Barbiturates＆by A．S．CURRY 153

Ⅰ．Isolation 153

Ⅱ．Identification 160

Ⅲ．Quantitative Determination of Barbiturates 174

Ⅳ．Interpretation of Results 182

Ⅴ．Conclusion 187

References 188

6．Acidic and Neutral Poisons (Other than Barbiturates)＆by A．S．CURRY 193

Ⅰ．Introduction 193

Ⅱ．Isolation 194

Ⅲ．Purification 196

Ⅳ．Identification 196

Ⅴ．Conclusion 207

References 207

7．Alkaloids and Related Bases：Identification＆by CHARLES G．FARMILO and KLAUS GENEST 209

Ⅰ．General Introduction 209

Ⅱ．Separation and Purification 211

Ⅲ．Identification and Determination 229

Ⅳ．Biotransformations 268

Table 271

Appendix：The Discoveries of Some Alkaloids and Related Substances，Their Tests，and the Chronological Development of Toxicology 580

References 587

8．Acids and Alkalies＆by VICTOR E．LEVINE 597

Ⅰ．Mineral Acids 597

Ⅱ．Organic Acids 626

Ⅲ．Mineral Alkalies 632

References 636

9．Chemical Tests for Metallic Poisons＆by ABRAHAM STOLMAN 640

Ⅰ．Reinsch Test 640

Ⅱ．Marsh-Berzelius Test 644

Ⅲ．Gutzeit Test 648

Ⅳ．Dithizone Method 654

Ⅴ．Special Methods for determination of Antimony，Barium，Chromium，Cobalt，Gold，Lithium，Manganese，Mercury，andThallium 667

References 678

10．Analysis of Residual Pesticides in Food＆by VICTOR E．LEVINE 681

Ⅰ．Introduction 681

Ⅱ．Physical Methods 684

Ⅲ．Cleanup and Result of Chemical Changes in the Pesticide 686

Ⅳ．Enzymatic Methods of Analysis 688

Ⅴ．The Importance of Metabolites 690

Ⅵ．Nonspecific Methods for Chlorinated Organic Pesticides 693

Ⅶ．Qualitative Tests for Rapid Identification of Chlorinated Pesticides 694

Ⅷ．Quantitative Determination of the Chloride Ion 699

Ⅸ．Specific Methods for Chlorinated Pesticides 700

Ⅹ．The Cyclodiene Insecticides 707

Ⅺ．Organic Phosphorus Pesticides 712

Ⅻ．Analytical Methods for Organic Phosphorus Pesticides 713

ⅩⅢ．Carbamates 717

ⅩⅣ．Dithiocarbamates 718

ⅩⅤ．Organic Pesticides Containing a CN Radical 720

ⅩⅥ．Organic Pesticides Containing a Thiocyanate Radical 720

ⅩⅦ．Determination of Dinitroaromatic Pesticides 721

ⅩⅧ．Determination of Dinitroaromatic Compounds 722

ⅩⅨ．Miscellaneous Pesticides 723

Appendix A：Partial List of Important Halogenated Compounds and Mixtures Used as Pesticides 724

Appendix B：Some Important Organic Phosphorus Pesticides 730

References 731

11．Poisonous Plants＆by ARTHUR E．SCHWARTING 737

Ⅰ．Introduction 737

Ⅱ．Chemical Ontogeny and Taxonomic Distribution 738

Ⅲ．Methods of Identification 748

References 754

12．Raioactive Isotopes and Compounds＆by ROBERT E．ZIPE and G．RICHARD GROVE 755

Ⅰ．Introduction 755

Ⅱ．Nuclear Energy and Radioactivity 758

Ⅲ．Interaction of Radiation with Matter 761

Ⅳ．Sources of Exposure and Contact 763

Ⅴ．Radioactive Waste Disposal 766

Ⅵ．Dosage Rate and Distribution 767

Ⅶ．Methods of Detection and Measurement 769

Ⅷ．Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action 774

Ⅸ．Handling and Disposal of Bodies and Tissues Containing Radioactive Materials 776

Ⅹ．Pathology；Acute and Chronic Effects of Various Organ Systems 778

Ⅺ．Medicolegal Interpretation 784

References 784

13．Miscellaneous Determinations＆by ABRAHAM STOLMAN 785

Ⅰ．Hemoglobin Derivatives 785

Ⅱ．Halides 792

Ⅲ．Porphyrins 803

Ⅳ．Glucuronic Acid 805

References 807

14．THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE POISONING＆by E．H．BENSLEY and G．E．JORON 809

Ⅰ．Introduction 809

Ⅱ．Removal and Inactivation of the Poison 810

Ⅲ．Symptomatic Treatment 819

Ⅳ．Plan of Treatment of a Case of Acute Poisoning 824

Ⅴ．Notes on Individual Poisons and Special Therapeutic Measures 827

List of Poisons Discussed 827

References 847

SUBJECT INDEX 853