Chinese Spirit-Medium Cults in Singaporepdf电子书版本下载

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PREFACE 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS 11

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 13

Ⅰ．INTRODUCTION 15

The Singapore Background 16

Chinese Social Organisation in Singapore 18

The Significance of Spirit-Medium Cults 21

Ⅱ．THE POSITION OF SPIRIT MEDIUMSHIP IN CHINESE RELIGION 24

THE BACKGROUND OF TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS 24

The Traditional Systems of Thought 24

Folk Religion and Occultism 26

Shenism and the Idea of the Soul 27

CONTEMPORARY INSTITUTIONS IN SINGAPORE 29

Christianity and other Religious Influences 29

Legends and the Theatre 31

The Calendar and Festivals 33

Household Religion and Ancestor Worship 35

Fortune Telling and Divination 36

THE OIRGANISATION OF TEMPLE WORSHIP 40

Types of Temple Worship 40

Promoters 41

Professional Specialists 43

The Position of the Spirit Mediums 44

Ⅲ．THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SPIRIT MEDIUMSHIP 46

THEORY AND EQUIPMENT 46

Medium 46

The Meaning of Dang-ki 47

Assistants and Worshippers 48

Spirit-Medium Temples 49

Temple Equipment 51

Processional Equipment 53

Charm Papers 56

Miscellaneous Equipment 58

THE DANG-KI＇S ROLE 59

Training Cermonies 60

The Stages of Development 61

Trance Phenomena 62

CULT ORGANISATION 65

Enumeration and Classification of Cults 66

Ritual Office Holders 67

Promotion of Spirit-Medium Cults 67

The Worshippers 71

Cult Affiliations and Rivalries 72

THE SHEN OF SPIRIT MEDIUMSHIP 73

The Legend of the ＇Great Saint＇ 74

The＂Third Prince＇，Kuan Yin and Kuan Ti 76

Other Shen 77

Ⅳ．THE CULT OF THE ＇GREAT SAINT＇ 80

The Sunday Morning Ceremony 84

Week-Day Performances 93

Exorcism in a Private House 94

The ＇Great Saint＇s＇ Birthday 96

The Second ＇Great Saint＇s＇ Birthday 101

＇General Chao＇s＇ Birthday 106

Ⅴ．COMPARISON OF SPIRIT-MEDIUM CULTS 110

A Buddhist Cult 110

A Sino-Malay Cult 113

Other Tendencies and Comparisons 116

Urban Cults 119

Rural Cults 120

Suburban Cults 123

The Life Cycle of Spirit-Medium Cults 126

Ⅵ．SPECIALISED BRANCHES OF SHENISM 134

The Raising of Souls 134

Automatic Writing 140

Basket Rapping and Plate Turning 145

Ⅶ．SPIRIT-MEDIUM FESTIVALS 147

Processions 149

Knife Beds 150

Sword Ladders 151

Sword Bridges 152

Fire Walking 153

Other Displays 156

Ⅷ．CONCLUSIONS 159

Factual Aspects of Spirit Mediumship 159

Chinese Religious Faith 162

Historical and Economic Factors 164

Sociological Factors 166

The Decline of Spirit Mediumship 167

APPENDICES 170

Ⅰ．EXAMPLES OF INVOCATIONS 170

Ⅱ．STATEMENTS OF A SHEN WRITTEN BY A POSSESSED DANG-KI 172

GLOSSARY 174

BIBLIOGRAPHY 178