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Chapter 1　Introductory Remarks 1

1.1 Fundamentals of the study 2

1.2 Background of the study 3

1.3 Description of the study 7

1.3.1 Purpose and scope of the study 7

1.3.2 Study questions 8

1.3.3 Structure of the study 10

1.3.4 Study methods 11

1.3.5 Study results 11

1.4 Summary 12

Chapter 2 Current Situation of Foreign Language Teaching and Testing in China 13

2.1 Analysis of current foreign language teaching in China 14

2.1.1 American council on the teaching of foreign languages 14

2.1.2 Teachers 18

2.1.3 Textbooks 20

2.1.4 The national ELT syllabus for English language majors 21

2.2 Analysis of current foreign language testing in China 26

2.2.1 Current views towards foreign language testing 26

2.2.2 Test syllabus 28

2.2.3 Learners'cultural awareness 29

2.2.4 Teachers'attitudes towards culture teaching and testing 30

2.3 Current status of culture teaching and testing in China:an empirical study 30

2.3.1 Learners'cultural awareness 30

2.3.2 Teachers'attitudes towards culture teaching and testing 37

2.4 Strengthening culture testing as a way of assessing language learners'ICC 46

2.4.1 Summary of China's foreign language testing problems 46

2.4.2 Rationale for strengthening culture testing in China 47

2.5 Summary 48

Chapter 3 Theoretical Bases for Culture Testing 49

3.1 Foreign language testing revisited 49

3.1.1 Reviewing views of foreign language testing 49

3.1.2 Criticizing current foreign language testing 51

3.1.3 Reaching a consensus 53

3.2 ICC:definition and theory 53

3.2.1 Cross-cultural and intercultural:the terminological aspect 53

3.2.2 Theoretical perspective 55

3.3 Relationship between language testing and culture testing 58

3.3.1 Nature of language testing and culture testing 58

3.3.2 Interdependence between language testing and culture testing 59

3.4 Review of culture testing at home and abroad 60

3.4.1 Review of culture testing at home 60

3.4.2 Review of culture testing abroad 65

3.4.3 Discussion 84

3.5 Summary 86

Chapter 4 Validation of an Intercultural Communicative Competence Test 87

4.1 A tentative model of culture testing 87

4.1.1 Components of cultural competence 94

4.1.2 Culture testing formats 102

4.2 Culture test design and construction:an empirical study 109

4.2.1 Research rationale 109

4.2.2 Research instruments 114

4.2.3 Research subjects 115

4.2.4 Research methods 116

4.2.5 Research findings 117

4.3 Discussion 138

4.4 Summary 141

Chapter 5 Integrating Culture Components into TEM 143

5.1 TEM 4 143

5.1.1 Current situation of TEM 4 143

5.1.2 Suggestions 153

5.2 TEM 8 155

5.2.1 Current situation of TEM 8 155

5.2.2 Suggestions 162

5.3 Summary 167

Chapter 6 Concluding Remarks and Recommendations 168

6.1 Contributions of the study 168

6.2 Limitations of the study 171

6.3 Recommendations for further research 173

6.4 Summary 173

Bibliography 174

Appendix 2.1 The National ELT Syllabus for English Language Majors 183

Appendix 4.1 The Original Text of E-C Translation of TEM 8（2003） 190

Appendix 4.2 Culture Test 191

Appendix 5.1 The Test Syllabus of the General Knowledge 198

Appendix 5.2 The Original Text of General Knowledge of TEM 8（2005,2006,2007） 202